What are the types of 12V lead-acid batteries?
The electrodes are mainly made of lead and its oxides. The electrolyte is a kind of battery for sulfuric acid solution. English: Lead-acid battery. In the discharge state, the main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead; in the charge state, the main component of the positive and negative electrode is lead sulfate. It is divided into exhaust battery and maintenance-free lead-acid battery.
The battery is mainly composed of tubular positive plate, negative plate, electrolyte, separator, battery cell, battery cover, pole, injection cover, etc. The electrodes of exhaust batteries are composed of lead and lead oxides, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. The main advantages are voltage stability and low price, while the disadvantages are low specific energy (i.e. the energy stored in the battery per kilogram), short service life and frequent daily maintenance. Old-fashioned ordinary batteries generally have a life of about 2 years, and the height of the electrolyte should be checked regularly and distilled water should be added. However, with the development of science and technology, lead-acid batteries have a longer life and easier maintenance.
The most obvious feature of lead-acid batteries is that they have a screwable plastic sealing cap on the top and air vents on it. These Injection caps are used for filling pure water, checking electrolytes and discharging gases. In theory, lead-acid batteries need to check the density and height of the electrolyte at each maintenance time, and if there is a lack of distilled water to be added. However, with the upgrading of battery manufacturing technology, lead-acid batteries have developed into lead-acid maintenance-free batteries and colloidal maintenance-free batteries. There is no need to add electrolyte or distilled water in the use of lead-acid batteries. The oxygen generated by the positive electrode can be absorbed in the negative electrode to achieve oxygen cycle, which can prevent the reduction of water. Lead-acid batteries are mostly used in tractors, tricycles, car starters, etc., while maintenance-free lead-acid batteries have a wider range of applications, including uninterrupted power supply, electric vehicle power, electric bicycle batteries, etc. Lead-acid batteries can be divided into constant current discharge (such as uninterruptible power supply) and instantaneous discharge (such as automobile start-up battery) according to their application needs.
1) Ordinary batteries; the plates of ordinary batteries are composed of oxides of lead and lead, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. Its main advantages are voltage stability and low price, while its disadvantages are low specific energy (i.e. the energy stored in each kilogram of battery), short service life and frequent daily maintenance.
2) Dry-Charged Battery: Its full name is dry-type charged lead-acid battery. Its main feature is that the negative plate has a high energy storage capacity. Under completely dry condition, it can save the electricity obtained within two years. When used, it only needs to add electrolyte, and it can be used in 20-30 minutes.
3) Maintenance-free batteries: Maintenance-free batteries consume very little electrolyte due to their own structural advantages, and there is no need to supplement distilled water during their service life. It also has the characteristics of shock resistance, high temperature resistance, small volume and small self-discharge. Usually the service life is twice as long as that of ordinary batteries. There are also two kinds of maintenance-free batteries on the market: the first one does not need to be maintained after one-time adding electrolyte when purchasing (adding supplementary liquid); the other is that the batteries themselves have been added electrolyte and sealed when they leave the factory, so users can not add supplementary liquid at all.
According to the mechanical industry standard JB 2599-1985, the lead-acid battery model is composed of three parts. The contents and arrangement are as follows:
Number of Series Single Cell Batteries-Type of Batteries-Characteristic of Batteries-Capacity of Batteries
(1) Number of single cell batteries in series
The number of single cell batteries in series refers to the number of cells contained in the battery assembly, which is expressed in an Arabic number.
(2) Battery type
According to its main uses, it is indicated by a Chinese phonetic alphabet, starting lead-acid batteries by "Q", code "Q" is the first Chinese phonetic alphabet of "Qi". (M is for motorcycle batteries, JC is not for ship batteries, HK is for aviation batteries, D is for electric vehicle batteries, F is for valve-controlled batteries.)
(3) Battery characteristics
Battery features are additional parts, represented by a Chinese phonetic alphabet, which can only be used when products of the same kind have certain characteristics and must be differentiated in models. When the product has two characteristics at the same time, the two codes should be juxtaposed in the order of Table 2-2.
(4) Rated capacity
Rated capacity refers to the rated capacity of 20 h discharge rate, expressed in Arabic numerals, in units of A. h, which can be omitted from the model. Sometimes a letter is used after the rated capacity to indicate special performance, such as "G" for high starting rate, "S" for plastic case, and "D" for good starting at low temperature.
