Reasons for Vulcanization of Forklift Storage Battery and It
Lead-acid batteries are one of the main components of electric forklift trucks, which are related to the durable working time of forklift trucks. Due to the influence of site, charging time and other factors in daily work, lead-acid batteries are often vulcanized, thus further shortening the working time of batteries and shortening the service life of batteries. Frequent replacement of batteries will also bring great economic losses to users. This paper will analyze and explain the causes of battery vulcanization, how to prevent battery vulcanization and how to deal with vulcanized batteries, so as to achieve the goal of prolonging the service life of batteries.
We first understand the working principle and reaction process of lead-acid batteries. From the above chemical reaction equation, we can see that lead-acid batteries usually react with sulfuric acid in the discharge process by lead and lead oxide to lead sulfate and water, and generate electricity in the reaction process. In the process of charging, lead sulfate will be reduced to lead. However, if lead sulfate can not be completely reduced to lead due to insufficient charging and other reasons, more and more crystalline lead sulfate will be accumulated on the negative plate of the battery, commonly known as "sulfurization".
The main causes of vulcanization may be as follows:
1. Battery initial charging is not done well before leaving the factory, and long-term idle batteries are not charged regularly.
2. The high density of the electrolyte makes it difficult to dissolve the lead sulfate; (Seen mostly in users with incomplete charging process)
3. Overdischarge of batteries can not be avoided in the use of batteries.
4. The battery is not charged in time or incompletely after discharge.
3. The purity of lead raw materials is not high, which leads to serious self-discharge and even over-discharge of batteries.
4. The electrolyte can not cover the plate of the battery due to the improper replenishment of water, which leads to the deep oxidation of the plate in the air.
All of the above conditions are likely to lead to sulfurization of lead-acid batteries. Some lead sulfate crystals are formed in the sulfurized batteries. These crystals are frozen in the charging process. Ordinary charging current can not open these crystals. So that the electric energy charged into the battery can not be effectively converted into chemical energy for storage. Thus, the capacity of the battery continues to decline. The use time of electric forklift trucks will be further shortened.
What are the phenomena of vulcanized batteries?
In the initial stage of lead acid battery vulcanization, the battery capacity decays, and the actual discharge capacity of the battery decreases after it is fully charged. In the process of charging, the charging time is shortened, and the battery is quickly charged. When charging, the battery consumes water quickly, and the heat of the battery is serious during charging. In the later stage, there will be obvious bulging phenomenon on the panel around the positive pole of the battery.
If the vulcanization problem is not solved in time, what will be the adverse consequences?
If the vulcanization problem is not solved in time, the battery capacity will continue to decline; users feel that the battery is not enough, it will increase the number of random charges; the more unsaturated charges, the easier to accelerate the vulcanization of the battery, which forms a vicious cycle.
Most of the chargers on the market can not identify the vulcanized part of the battery. The total amount of electricity charged by the charger to the battery at a full charge is fixed or quantified. According to the law of conservation of energy, if the electric energy input into the battery can not be completely converted into chemical energy, it will be converted into other forms of energy to emit. Usually manifested as a large amount of electrolytic water, and the serious heating of batteries.
How to avoid the vulcanization of lead-acid batteries?
1. Choose appropriate battery capacity for electric forklift truck to ensure that the electric forklift truck can meet the working time required by users, and avoid frequent incomplete charging of batteries;
2. Avoid excessive discharge of batteries as far as possible, and recharge batteries quickly after discharge.
3. Battery charging time and process must be complete. At present, advanced high frequency chargers can set matching charging curves for batteries. Users only need to follow the manufacturer's advice to ensure the charging time of batteries.
4. Check the electrolyte level of the battery frequently to keep the level higher than the plate.
